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Junior Achievement has gone through different stages in its development. It was started by two business leaders, Horace Moses and Theodore Vail, and Senator Murray Crane in 1919 in Springfield, Massachusetts. The organization started with a small number of children aged ten to twelve. For more than 50 years, Junior Achievement programs met after school as a group of business clubs. But in 1975, Junior Achievement began to offer classes during school hours. Many more young people joined the organization once it began to teach business skills as part of the school day. In 2004, Junior Achievement Worldwide was formed.
The Junior Achievement programs teach about businesses, how they are organized, and how products are made and sold. The programs also teach about the American and world economies and business operations. Young people can learn how entrepreneurship works by operating their own companies. For instance, the students develop a product and sell shares in their company. They use the money to buy the materials they need to make their product, which they then sell. Finally, they return the profits to the people who bought shares in the company. It's reported that in the United States alone, there are more than 22,000 places that hold Junior Achievement events currently. According to Junior Achievement, about 287,000 volunteers support its programs around the world.
1.nior Achievement is an international movement to educate young people about business and economics, which is the largest organization in the world. (1)
A. T
B. F
2.r more than 50 years, the Junior Achievement program has offered classes during school hours. (2)
A. T
B. F
3.nior Achievement Worldwide was founded in 2004. (3)
A. T
B. F
4.nior Achievement programs teach business operations like how products are made and sold. (4)
A. T
B. F
5.cording to the report, in the United States alone, there are more than 287,000 places that hold Junior Achievement events in recent years. (5)
A. T
B. F
Managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where information technology comes into play. Information technology serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and delivering the information necessary to make a good decision. For instance, an IT system at a personal computer manufacturer may help a manager analyze the information and recommend an action. The manager can use the remaining chips first, then look at demand forecast, and determine whether to order more chips.
There are four reasons why timely and accurate information has become more important for effective logistics system design and operations. First, customers recognize information about order status, product availability, delivery schedule, and shipment tracking as necessary elements of total customer service. Then, managers realize that information can be used to reduce human resource requirements. What’s more, information increases flexibility with regard to how, when, and where resources may be used to gain strategic advantage. And finally, enhanced information transfer and exchange capability of using the Internet is changing relationships between buyers and sellers and refining channel relationships.
1.Why is information important to supply chain managers? (1)
A. Because managers need the information to make decisions.
B. Because managers need to know what consumers want.
C. Because managers want to know the product inventory.
2.Which is NOT the function of information technology? (2)
A. Information technology works to capture necessary information.
B. Information technology is used to deliver necessary information.
C. Information technology is applied to gather as much information as possible.
3.What is NOT considered as a necessary element of total customer service? (3)
A. product price
B. order status
C. shipment tracking
4.What kind of flexibility does the information increase? (4)
A. The flexibility to buy resources
B. The flexibility to use resources to gain strategic advantage
C. The flexibility to ask questions about resources
5.What is changing the relationships between buyers and sellers? (5)
A. The available products
B. The use of the Internet to exchange information
C. The overall customer service
The UK is a popular destination for skilled workers and graduates from countries like Poland and the Czech Republic. Many work in agriculture or the tourism industry, or in small businesses in the financial services and technology sectors. Some come to earn more money while others are looking for experiences they can't get at home. Artur, from Poland, says, ‘I work for an IT company, and I would never get this level of experience at home. But I spent six months as a painter when I first arrived; if I repeated the experience, I would try to find a good job first.’ Jakub, from the Czech Republic, said, ‘I was sure I would find work quickly, and I did. The money is quite good, but if my English was better, I would have more opportunities for promotion. So now I am starting again!’
1.The survey asked companies if they would employ migrant workers. (1)
A. T
B. F
2.About 20 percent of companies employ migrant workers. (2)
A. T
B. F
3.Most employers think that migrant workers are better than British workers. (3)
A. T
B. F
4.Artur could also get the high level of experience at home in Poland. (4)
A. T
B. F
5.kub found a job when he arrived in the UK. (5)
A. T
B. F