行政学的开山之作是威尔逊的《行政学研究》。

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三、论述分析题（每题16分，共32分）

8个月的拉拉饿了，妈妈还没回来，拉拉开始哭闹，爸爸就给她放了一首巴赫的钢琴曲，拉拉安静下来，可是3分钟后他又开始哭闹，爸爸就换了贝多芬的《命运》，拉拉又安静下来。请用习惯化和去习惯化的概念解释拉拉的反应。

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1

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十月革命胜利后，新生的苏维埃政权面临的最严重的问题是粮食问题（   ）。

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什么是边际报酬递减规律？这一规律发生作用的条件是什么？

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资源稀缺是指（）。

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古利克认为政治这个词具有两种意义。在真正意义上，政治意指通过统治者的控制来寻求私利或寻求发展；而在一般意义上，政治则是指统治者用来实施控制的行动。（    ）

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Look at your ________ every month to help you plan for profits and prevent potential problems.

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Being an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. Some styles, for instance, are more people-oriented, while others tend to focus on a project or product. The management style you select will depend on your people skills and knowledge, available resources (like time and money), desired results, and, of course, the task before you. The common management styles can be summarized into three categories. 

The participatory style is the first of its kind. Here, it is critical to give each employee an entire task to complete. If that’s not possible, make sure the individual knows and understands his or her part as it relates to the project or task. When people in your team know where they fit in the big picture, they’re more likely to be motivated to complete the task. 

Following that, we have the directing style. Sometimes a situation will call for a direct style of management. Perhaps a tight deadline looms, or the project involves numerous employees and requires a top-down management approach. Here, a manager answers five questions for the employees: What? Where? How? Why? and, When? Let employees know what they need to do, how they’re going to do it, and when the questions must be finished. 

The last one is the teamwork style. If you want to speed up a project and choose the best process for completing that project, managing by teamwork is the way to go. When you motivate people to pool their knowledge, the results may exceed your expectations. Often, teams can tackle problems more quickly than what you can accomplish on your own. The give-and-take can create a process that you can repeat in other projects. 

1.Being an effective manager lies in knowing the right   (1)   . 

A. knowledge

B. skills

C. management style 

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a focus of different management styles?   (2)   

A. People.

B. Customers.

C. Project.

3.Which of the following can’t be inferred from the passage?   (3)   

A. The management style is likely to change because the manager has been replaced.

B. The management style is likely to change because the desired results have changed.

C. The management style is likely to change because the available resources have changed.

4.When people in your team know where they fit in the big picture, they are more likely to be   (4)   to complete the task.

A. frustrated

B. reluctant

C. inspired 

5.If you want to speed up a project and choose the best process for completing that project, you can resort to   (5)   .

A. teamwork

B. top-down management

C. tight deadline 

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与审计报告一样，注册会计师出具的商定程序业务报告的标题也应该统一。

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