生产力和生产关系是一组相互作用的力，二者相互决定（    ）。

对于资本家而言，他会把剩余价值的产生看成是（ ）的产物。在这种情况下，剩余价值便取得了“利润”的形态，资本家这样就掩盖了剩余价值的来源，掩盖了对工人的剥削。

在资本主义生产关系下，生产的社会化与生产资料资本主义私人占有之间的矛盾是资本主义生产方式的（ ）。

历史上最早出现的货币形态是（ ）。

案例分析题

【这样的薪酬结构比例有什么问题？】

ABC企业有个很奇怪的现象，高层和基层员工的工作热情还比较高涨，唯独就是中层管理人员工作积极性普遍不高。虽然他们还不到100人，只占了整个企业人员数量的1%，但是大家也知道，如果一家企业的中层不给力，就很麻烦。

问题究竟出在哪里？后来人们在翻看该企业中层管理人员的薪酬制度时，发现了其中的端倪。该企业在设计中层薪酬结构比例时，将固定薪酬占比设计为75%，而浮动薪酬是25%。有人会问，这样的薪酬结构比例有什么问题吗？

这个比例如果是放在基层员工身上，没有任何问题，但如果是放在中层，那问题可就大了！

因为中层是需要对部门或团队业绩承担首要责任的，而业绩本身就是一个变量，有时好有时坏。如果将中层的固定薪酬比例设计的过高，那就会导致不管部门业绩是个什么水平，其收入都会比较稳定，中层实现了旱涝保收。难怪该企业中层的工作热情不高，这干好干坏一个样，谁还愿意卖命呢？

请结合以上案例分析并回答以下问题：

（1） ABC企业的中层管理者的薪酬制度存在什么问题？

（2） 请根据你所学到的员工薪酬与福利管理的相关理论分析说明，该如何改进ABC企业的中层管理者的薪酬制度？

资本边际效率递减的原因（     ）

情绪调节

固定福利常常包括大多数的法定福利、一些企业制度上规定下来的福利以及员工享有的某种形式的、大多数人一致的福利。( )

选择题

　　When Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial （有争议的）, citywide cell-phone ban（禁令）in public schools, which is not equally enforced in all schools. Now, under his leadership, the city is preparing to end the ban. It will be replaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packed away during class.

　　Many schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says, “If we don't see it, we don't know about it.” That means teachers are OK with students bringing in cell phones, as long as they stay out of sight and inside bags and pockets.

　　But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors, die ban has been strictly enforced. The detectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools，but the scanners（扫描器）can also detect cell phones. So students at these schools must leave their phones at home or pay someone to store it for them.

　　The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloomberg. Ending the ban will also likely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban. Workers in vans（厢式货车）that resemble food tracks store teens' cell phones and Other devices for a dollar a day,

　　Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency. They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory. Where the ban is enforced, it puts a disadvantage on students who can't afford to pay to store their phones.

　　Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban, city education officials are working on creating a new policy. It will include rules about not using the phones during class or to cheat on tests.

　　1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?   1   

　　A. New York City will give financial aid to poor students.
　　B. New York City plans to restrict cell phone use in libraries.
　　C. New York City will soon end a ban on cell phones in schools.

　　2. Students pay    2    a day to leave their cell phones in a van parked near their school.

　　A. a dollar
　　B. two dollars
　　C. five dollars

　　3. Metal detectors were installed in 88 city schools, mainly to keep    3    out of schools.

　　A. cell phones
　　B. weapons
　　C. drugs

　　4. The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably means    4    .

　　A. necessary
　　B. tough
　　C. unfair

　　5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?   5   

　　A. After the cell-phone ban is ended, students can use their phones during class.
　　B. The cell-phone ban is equally enforced in all public schools.
　　C. A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses.

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