
问题
简述货币政策的主要内容(主要手段)。
答案
货币政策是指中央银行运用货币政策工具来调节货币供给量以实现经济发展既定目标的经济政策手段的总和。货币政策的主要内容包括货币政策的目标和货币政策工具。 (1)货币政策目标是货币政策所要达到的最终目标,一般是指经济发展的目标,如一定的经济增长率、通货膨胀率、失业率和国际收支平衡等。一般以稳定币值即降低通货膨胀率为主要目标。 (2)货币政策工具是指要实现货币政策目标所采取的政策手段,一般包括公开市场业务、再贴现率和法定准备率等。货币政策的选择就是通过改变货币政策工具的变量达到政策目标。 第一,公开市场业务是指中央银行在公开市场上购买或售卖政府债券,从而影响利率和货币供应量达到既定目标的一种政策措施。 第二,再贴现率是美国中央银行最早运用的货币政策工具,通常市场经济国家把中央银行给商业银行的贷款叫做再贴现,把中央银行给商业银行的贷款利率叫做再贴现率。 第三,存款准备金率即存款准备金占商业银行吸收存款的比例。


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