1    is the money that something costs you or that you need to spend in order to do something.

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政策方案规划的过程中的基本要素是（       ）。

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在古德诺看来，政党的哪些特质保证了美国政府体制的稳定与协调？（ ）

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1

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国务院专利行政部门收到发明专利申请后，经初步审查认为符合要求的，自申请日起满（）即行公布。

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在总需求不变的情况下，总供给曲线向左上方移动所引起的通货膨胀称为供给推动的通货膨胀。   

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总需求等于消费+投资+政府支出（       ）   

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Some countries do not allow their goods to go to a certain country.

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由于内部控制存在固有的局限性，审计人员只能对财务报告的可靠性提供合理保证。

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There are eight traditional functions of marketing:

A. Buying: A marketer focuses on buyers' needs and desires to decide what products to make available. Understanding buyers' behavior is of great importance.

B. Selling: Marketers usually view selling as a persuasive activity that is completed through promotion. Selling includes personal selling, advertising, and other selling methods. It is probably the function of marketing that we most often see in our daily life.

C. Transporting: It is physically moving the product from the seller to the buyer. Marketers focus on transporting costs and services.

D. Storing: Like transporting, storing is an aspect of the physical distribution of products. Storing includes warehousing activities. Warehouses hold products for long periods sometimes to create time utility.

E. Grading: It involves sorting products according to size and quality. This makes buying and selling easier because it reduces the need for inspection and sampling.

F. Financing: For many products, such as automobiles, fridges, and new homes, the purchase is facilitated when the marketer provides a credit that makes the purchase of the product possible.

G. Marketing: Through research, marketers may find out the need for new products and services. By gathering information on a regular basis, they can better plan, carry out and control marketing activities.

H. Risk-taking：It involves bearing the uncertainties that are part of the marketing process. Most marketing decisions result in either success or failure which is associated with risk.

1.e passage summarizes eight functions of marketing. (1)

A. T

B. F

2.ying is probably the function of marketing that we most often see in our daily life. (2)

A. T

B. F

3.ting products according to size and quality makes buying and selling easier. (3)

A. T

B. F

4.rketers capture the need for new products and services based on the assumption. (4)

A. T

B. F

5.certainties are part of the marketing process. (5)

A. T

B. F

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